{"id":242,"date":"2016-07-28T11:37:02","date_gmt":"2016-07-28T11:37:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mtls.ca\/staging\/?p=242"},"modified":"2026-05-28T23:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T23:00:00","slug":"amatoritsero-ede","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mtls.ca\/issue21\/amatoritsero-ede\/","title":{"rendered":"Amatoritsero Ede"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Austin Clarke &#8211; Darkness Visible<\/h2>\n<p><em>(a posthumous interview)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Amatoritsero Ede<\/strong>: I have always wanted to have an interview with you, Mr. Clarke. I kept postponing it. I once asked Dr George Elliot Clarke, your brother from another father, I guess \u2013&nbsp; since you share the same last name \u2013 if he could introduce me, which he promised to. But I never got back to the subject with him because I got distracted by one thing or the other. Unfortunately, I was not fast enough before the grim reaper knocked on your door. I did not realise he was so close by you. I apologize profusely. Fortunately, in my days as a monk in another world, I did learn some esoteric arts. I decided to use some occult knowledge to travel the astral world and meet you on the other side for this interview. Surely, you don\u2019t mind an outer-worldly, out-of-body chat do you \u2013&nbsp; on earth this would be considered a posthumous interview?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Austin Clarke: <\/strong>Quite the opposite, Amatoritsero, I don\u2019t mind an interview in the fourth or even fifth or sixth dimension. &nbsp;Are we in the fifth?<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.: <\/strong>Our world\u2026 my world \u2026 is three dimensions \u2013 length, breadth and solid. Since you \u2013 your soul &#8211; has left your physical body (no one ever dies by the way), you moved out of those material dimensions and are now in a fourth and bodiless and invisible one, I believe. That is, if you have not progressed to even higher levels. Yes, you are not limited by gross matter anymore. Not by colour, by the way, come to think of it, which can be as heavy as any form of matter.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> It is why WEB DuBois correctly predicted that the problem of the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century would be the colour line. I think his brother, Alain Locke, in his <em>New Negro,<\/em> insisted that the colour line will persist throughout the 21<sup>st<\/sup> century. Colour is indeed heavy as an unnecessarily racialized quality \u2013 heavy as a winter coat which burdens you and impedes you, even when you do need the melanin as environmental protection. This is why I was such a reluctant Canadian.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> I was going to get to the subject of your reticence in taking a Canadian citizenship. But first. How is it out here in \u2018Vaikunta\u2019; do you feel claustrophobic, not being in our world, in the great wide open plains of Canada and the large expanse of \u2013?<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C:<\/strong> You make me laugh a Barbadian laugh! Your world is so tiny it is like a grain of sand on an endless sea shore. Look at all material creation, including earth and the galaxies. They are almost limitless. But the Bhagavad Gita, the Hindu Scriptures, says all that material creation is like a little blot, a tiny stain, on the spiritual sky. Imagine the vastness, magnificence and infinitude of spiritual creation. Those earthly expanses you talk of \u2013 cannot be compared to the freedom of being unfettered, bodiless. \u201cPoor wordless body in its fumbling ways\u201d as the South African poet, Dennis Brutus, says.&nbsp; Having no body and no colour, because of which spiritually ignorant humans vilify and demonise you, is a great experience. By the way is Vaikunta not the final resting place of the soul, according to the Bhagavad Gita?<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> Yes, it is. When you need not reincarnate anymore as a living entity because you have learnt all the spiritual lessons for which you needed a human body, you rise to Vaikunta as a spirit soul in pure worship of the godhead &#8211; Krishna, Christ, Allah &#8211; or any other name we humans call it\/him\/her in our usual divisive lack of understanding that the godhead maybe be many but is one and the same, no matter how we differently name the idea.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> Ah\u2026! I am not sure I want to reincarnate and come to your world anymore. Those 81 years in your world (or prison) had better be my last incarnation or is it incarceration!?. I brek-up from racism, sexism, ageism, war, injustice, especially brek-up from dispossession and lack of privilege due to my blackness \u2013<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> Excuse me Mr. Clarke, sir. But you were privileged!<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> Amatoritsero Ede! I think you are being a devil\u2019s advocate here. My foot biting me! You see, I was not privileged at all or rather what appears to be privilege &#8211; my success as a writer, my access to print capital, was fought for every inch of the way. I suffered lack because of it and the typical writer\u2019s poverty. Rather what I was in your world is \u201cDarkness visible,\u201d to pun the English poet John Milton. And don\u2019t call me &#8220;Clarke&#8221;; that\u2019s a human name\u2026 Call me &#8216;Guru Hari Das.&#8217; I am now the servant of the servant of the servant of the godhead in these realms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> Guru Hari Das! Okay. But for the purpose of this interview\u2026please. Yes, \u201cdarkness visible\u201d \u2026 I know of that oxymoron&nbsp;from Milton\u2019s <em>paradise Lost<\/em>. It is in chapter one of that work about the fall of man.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong>&nbsp;For argument\u2019s sake, one could say I had some empowerment&nbsp;towards the end. But it was that time that death came with his dark hood and sickle for me&#8230;In my old age, at the time when a valiant warrior should be enjoying the fruits of his labours. Now if I were white, at any age I \u2018d have been really privileged. My successes would have catapulted me to unimaginable places, brought incredible wealth, and so on\u2026 Imagine\u2026 at the foot of the fire, when I should be in my salad days, death comes fi me.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E:<\/strong> Would you like to reincarnate as a white man so that you could experience the privilege of whiteness?<\/p>\n<p><!--nextpage--><br \/>\n<strong>A.C.:<\/strong> By my beard! At\u2019all. No! I am not a black hat. I can\u2019t be enjoying while others suffer. This was why I was an activist.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> Beard? But you are bodiless!<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> I mean by the grey heavy beard and lion mane I used to wear on earth.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> Yes, your activism in the 60s. Interviewing Malcom X for CBC and all that. Civil rights marches. That was something\u2026 Did you meet the soul of Malcom X since you arrived here?<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> Blasted! Those were the days of struggle. I have not felt that soul around my soul. That jolly trouble maker on earth must be in Vaikunta already.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> What is the context when you say above that you are \u201cdarkness visible.\u201d Although, I think I get it, but for our readers, you know\u2026.?<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C:<\/strong> I use it in a literal and symbolic sense. I am \u2018physically visible\u2019 because I am black and invisible within Canadian society. Ironic da! I mean my visibility made me a known corporeal category that the system makes sure to avoid, impede, hold back, keep in the ghetto, deny rights, deny opportunities, mis-educate, manipulate with \u2018Canadianspeak\u2019 (that polluted \u2018political correctness\u2019 and \u2018polite\u2019 conversation that mocks me, derides me, looks down upon me, and puts me in \u2018my place\u2019)! &nbsp;I am over-controlled and checked and checked again and again. The system disappears my kind. Darkness visible. I am Ralph Ellison\u2019s invisible man precisely because they look at me but do not see me. They only see darkness (i.e. nothing). They do not see me when it comes to housing opportunities, job opportunities, they impeded my kind by asking me for Canadian experience when I am just coming in from another world into theirs. And you know the greater irony? It is no one\u2019s fault. Fuh-true? Kwablema! We are multi-cultural and one great family of Canadians! All equal. But as George Orwell is my witness, all Canadian are equal but some Canadians are more equal than others. I also use \u201cdarkness visible\u201d to capture the hellish conditions which Mr. John Milton use it to describe for souls suffering in hades. It is the black or brown man or woman catching hell on earth.&nbsp; Please bear with me and let me quote:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>A dungeon horrible, on all sides round<br \/>\nAs one great Furnace&nbsp;flam&#8217;d, yet from those flames<br \/>\nNo light, but rather&nbsp;darkness visible<br \/>\nServ&#8217;d&nbsp;onely&nbsp;to discover sights of woe,<br \/>\nRegions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace&nbsp;[ 65 ]<br \/>\nAnd rest can never dwell,&nbsp;hope never comes<br \/>\nThat comes to all; but torture without end<br \/>\nStill urges, and a fiery Deluge, fed<br \/>\nWith ever-burning Sulphur&nbsp;unconsum&#8217;d:<br \/>\nSuch place Eternal Justice had&nbsp;prepar&#8217;d [70]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Amatoritsero, in the above quote Milton is talking about the rebellious angel Lucifer (&#8216;angel of light&#8217;) who was called \u2018Satan\u2019 after the rebellion and was cast down from heaven into the hell that the poet, Milton, so vividly paints above. When man falls he joins Satan in that hell too. Replace satan with the black man\u2026 from slavery to colonialism and the current imperial moment in humanity, the black man or woman has been demonized be-devil-ed, and satanized the better for him or her to be cast into a fire of suffering and servitude on earth. The last line above says: \u201cSuch place Eternal Justice had prepared\u201d. Replace &#8220;Eternal Justice&#8221; with &#8216;Eternal injustice&#8217; against blackness and you get my drift.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> Blasted! This is all heavy! Thank you. for the elaborate explanation; I am sure our readers appreciate it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong>&nbsp;Blasted indeed! Colour is heavy. Sorry I had to heap it all on you like that.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> What a life of it you must have had. Must have been irritating and annoying!<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> They make an awful ruka-tuk about me being black panther and all that. I was simply a freedom fighter! The 60s especially was either fight or die! If you complain you are an \u201cangry black man.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> You wrote this in your memoir, <em>Membering<\/em> (2015): \u201cI am living \u2026 in the sixties, in the atmosphere of great physical fear, of the expectation that a policeman might shoot me \u2013 bang, bang, you\u2019re dead, dead \u2013 of being refused the renting of a basement room, or an apartment in a public building, that I would find myself standing noticeably longer than other customers at a counter in Eaton\u2019s store, at the corner of Yonge and College Streets, that I might be thrown out, sometimes physically, from a restaurant, or a nightclub, as Oscar Peterson was, and face the embarrassment of being told by a barber that he does not cut niggers\u2019 hair. This is my Toronto.\u201d Has anything changed over the years?<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> The only thing that changed is that the system has developed better ways to hide racial prejudice and injustices.<\/p>\n<p><!--nextpage--><br \/>\n<strong>A.E.:<\/strong> The Cultural commentator, Donna Bailey Nurse, says of you: \u201cWhen I think of Austin Clarke, I think of how his fiction irrevocably etched West Indians, Bajans, black people, and himself into the landscape of Toronto and the collective imagination of Canadians. I think of the courage with which he exposed to white people the psychological realities of being black in the world.\u201d What is the psychological reality of being black in the world, in Canada precisely?<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> I think I am going to answer by saying that general white Canada does not understand the pressures, hopes, fears and anxieties of black Canada. One commentator put it well \u2013 Doug Sanders in the Globe and the Mail of July 16, 2016. He compares it to the situation blacks face in the USA.&nbsp; I refer to his article \u201cWhy Black Canadians are facing U.S.-style Problems\u201d: See it at:<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/opinion\/why-black-canadians-are-facing-us-style-problems\/article30939514\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com<\/a>. But the article adopts a justice-system-critique approach. I will talk from a more overarching cultural vantage point. There is a silent marginalization of not only black but the immigrant community \u2013 right from when they do come in\u2026 Remember our past government hierarchizing immigrants as second order Canadians? I think that says it all. In officialspeak we are all Canadians but in terms of the ways in which institutional and official bureaucracies and the general culture actually work, visible minorities are on the fringe of the society. They are economically marginalized, they are socially marginalized in terms of not being properly integrated into white society; they are forced to mostly re-create the home they left by seeking Jamaican, Bajan, Nigerian, Ghanaian, Indian, South African etc. communities to attach themselves to. Politically, I am not sure if they have any real impact as a collective group. The shortfall is that those marginalized immigrants and Black Canadians cannot contribute all their talents and resources to the nation. Canada as a country loses.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> In your memoir you wrote, \u201cI have never held a Canadian writer as a model of my own work. This is simply because the theme and the style of Canadian literature are irrelevant to my work. I do not therefore see any connection, in the sense of \u2018literary ancestry,\u2019 to my writing. I am alone, singular, peculiar, and foreign to the establishment that governs and controls Canadian literature.\u201d Do those words mean that you felt alienated even while living in Canada all those years? Words do come to haunt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> I like the ghosts of these words because they are true. I was an insider-outsider\u2026 My writing drew sustenance from my Caribbean experiences even though I began living in Canada since September 29, 1955. You must also have read somewhere that I delayed taking a Canadian citizenship until 1981. This reflected my ambivalence. Barbadian-Canadian; split down the middle, but with one side torn more towards the Barbadian left than the right that Canada can be.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> So this is why your former publisher, Patrick Crean, says that your work was \u201can early example of the literature of diversity and displacement, a quality which now informs our literature.\u201d He also says that your \u201cinfluence was huge\u201d, that your work \u201cbroke the mould of white Canada\u201d \u2013 specifically in relation to your first book in 1964, <em>survivor of the crossing<\/em>. What writers of colour would you say you have influenced?<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> David Chariandy, Esi Edugyan, Shyam Selvadurai, Rohinton Mistry, M.G. Vassanji\u2026 to name a few. Don\u2019t get me wrong, those influences might not be very direct \u2013 as in the case of writers who are closer to, or not too far apart from, &nbsp;my earthly age before I left the body. I am thinking of Mistry and Vassanji, who are more or less contemporaries. However, contemporaries still do influence each other. I opened the floodgates so to speak. As for the younger writers \u2013 Edugyan particularly\u2026. Just read the electric and jazzy vernacular in her powerful <em>Half-Blood Blues<\/em> and you will clearly see the influence of <em>The Polished Hoe<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> You opened the floodgates you say\u2026. See why I said you are privileged?<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> Ah, come off it, Amatoritsero. You mekin\u2019 sport. I am darkness made visible as I have said with all the punning intended. Being literary-visible did not remove my \u2018darkness\u2019 and all the accursed Freudian symbology attached to it and to my being a black man in a white world. Literary celebrity only made me a token \u2013 I was the exception to a \u2018keep-dem-down rule; an example to be pointed at as proof of the fairness of a system rigged against the coloured immigrant. Remember that sealed and deadly reference letter (meant for employment purpose in white America), which a white school principal gave to the black protagonist in Ralph Ellison\u2019s invisible man? It said without flourish: \u201cTo whom it may concern; keep this boy running.\u201d I was just a token.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> But there are new minority writers coming along as you have noted. Maybe things are changing. I mean Chariandy, Edugyan, Shyam&#8230;younger generation\u2026<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> They are part of that token few. Look at the numbers. Go to any Canadian writers\u2019 festival and count the coloured writers you see as invited guests. They are token and few.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> Finally, I will like to ask you to lighten up the prospects. Some word of hope. What advice do you have for black or immigrant communities, especially young writers trying to thrive under the conditions you so eloquently painted for us?<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> I am out of it. I did my part. I would say it like Bob Marley and Peter Tosh did: &#8220;Get up; stand up; don\u2019t give up the fight!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> But\u2026.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> Okay; okay, oh lordie! I did not mean they should join the black panther or things like that. Self-help, group help, community building, education by hook or crook, economic self-reliance. Start businesses, support each other; solidarity. Don tear the family down through \u2018crab-in-the-bucket\u2019 behaviour, the PhD ( pull-him-down). Remember that song by the Toronto musician, k-os, &#8211; Crabbukit? Aluta continua!<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> MTLS, our readers and I would like to really thank you for giving me audience in the spiritual realm to have this chat. Rest in peace, maestro.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> I am rested and peaceful already. My soul is liming here. I have gone into the light. It is you on earth who live in the darkness of Kali Yuga and have no peace. Sadly, you all live in an age of ignorance and quarrel. That is the nature of Kali Yuga.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.E.:<\/strong> Thank you. Bye for now, my astral body must now re-enter my physical body before my silver cord breaks and I cannot re-enter or realign well.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.C.:<\/strong> Hurry. Good luck. 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